Access to disk storage using file attribute information

ABSTRACT

In order to manage the various types of attribute information within the storage system, the storage system includes the following databases within a file-access controlling memory: a database for managing index information for managing contents of the files, and an index retrieval program, a database for managing the attribute information on the files, and a database for managing storage positions of blocks configuring a file. When the storage system receives an access request to a file, the utilization of these databases allows the storage system to make the access to the access-target file.

CROSS-REFERENCES

This is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/653,895, filedSep. 4, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,069,380.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a storage system used in a computersystem. More particularly, it relates to an access to a file stored inthe storage system, or the management of the file stored therein.

US2003/0023784A1 (corresponding to JP-A-2003-044332) has disclosed astorage system including the following configuration components: a diskcontroller for accepting an access via a storage area network (which,hereinafter, will be referred to as “SAN”), a file server for acceptingan access via a local area network (which, hereinafter, will be referredto as “LAN”), a disk device connected to the disk controller and thefile server via a connection device and including a disk pool, and adisk-pool management device for managing the relationship among the diskcontroller, the file server, and the disk device.

A client, which tries to establish a connection with the storage systemvia the LAN, can access the storage system with a file I/O interface.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

There has been an increase in the amount of data of a file stored intothe storage system. In accompaniment with this increase in the amount ofdata, it is becoming more and more difficult to make a simple and highspeed access to the file, i.e., the access target. Also, files used inthe computer system are rapidly increasing in number. At present,however, the files are stored in the storage system as merenon-structured files. As a result, the management form of the filesstored in the storage system is left to be memorized by each user. Thishas resulted in a problem from the viewpoint of attainability to thefiles.

Also, plural pieces of attribute information of a file become importantin identifying the file. On each file-type basis, there exist theattribute information such as importance, requested performance, andrequested storage cost. Also, plural pieces of attribute informationvary with a lapse of time. No related art has disclosed a technology forallowing the storage system to manage the large variety types ofattribute information on the file, and the dynamically varying attributeinformation on the file as the present invention.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide atechnology for allowing an enhancement in the access performance to afile stored in the storage system.

Also, it is another object of the present invention to provide a storagesystem that makes it possible to manage the various types of attributeinformation included in the file.

For this object, the storage system stores the attribute information ona file stored into the storage system, then accessing the file byutilizing the attribute information. Also, the storage system manages,as an index, the attribute information or a part of data in the file.Moreover, by using information included in an access request to the fileas a key, the storage system retrieves the index, then accesses the filedata extracted by this retrieval.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent from the following description of the embodiments of theinvention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the configuration ofa computer system to which the present invention is applied;

FIG. 2 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the outsideappearance of a storage system;

FIG. 3 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the outsideappearance of a channel adapter;

FIG. 4 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the configuration ofa NAS channel adapter;

FIG. 5 is a drawing for illustrating one example of programs or datastored in a file-access controlling memory that the NAS channel adapterincludes;

FIG. 6 is a drawing for illustrating one example of programs stored in adisk-array controlling memory that the NAS channel adapter includes;

FIG. 7 is a drawing for illustrating one example of a file-attributemanagement table;

FIG. 8 is a drawing for illustrating one example of an index managementtable; and

FIG. 9 is a flowchart for illustrating one example of the file-accessprocessing steps.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) System Configuration

FIG. 1 is a drawing for illustrating one example of a computer system towhich the present invention is applied. A storage system 1 is a diskarray including a disk controller 10 and a disk group 60. NAS (: NetworkAttached Storage) hosts 100 to 102 are computers that establish aconnection with the storage system 1 with a file I/O interface via a LAN120 or a LAN 121 and that access a file stored in the storage system 1.SAN (: Storage Area Network) hosts 110 to 112 are computers thatestablish a connection with the storage system 1 with a block I/Ointerface via a SAN 130.

Within the disk controller 10, NAS channel adapters (which, hereinafter,will be referred to as “CHNs”) 20 to 22 are interface control devicesconnected to the NAS hosts 100 to 102 with the file I/O interface viathe LAN 120 or the LAN 121. Fibre channel adapters (which, hereinafter,will be referred to as “CHFs”) 30 to 32 are interface control devicesconnected to the SAN hosts 110 to 112 with the block I/O interface viathe SAN 130. Hereinafter, the CHNs and the CHFs will together bereferred to as “channel adapters (: CHs)”.

In addition to the CHNs and the CHFs, the disk controller 10 furtherincludes the following components: Disk adapters (which, hereinafter,will be referred to as “DKAs”) 50 to 55, a shared memory (which,hereinafter, will be referred to as “SM”) 40, a cache memory (which,hereinafter, will be referred to as “CM”) 42, a shared-memory controller(which, hereinafter, will be referred to as “SMC”) 41, and acache-memory controller (which, hereinafter, will be referred to as“CMC”) 43. The shared-memory controller (: SMC) 41, which is connectedto the CHNs 20 to 22, the CHFs 30 to 32, the DKAs 50 to 55, and the SM40, controls data transfer between the CHNs 20 to 22, the CHFs 30 to 32,or the DKAs 50 to 55, and the SM 40. The cache-memory controller (: CMC)43, which is connected to the CHNs 20 to 22, the CHFs 30 to 32, the DKAs50 to 55, and the CM 42, controls data transfer between the CHNs 20 to22, the CHFs 30 to 32, or the DKAs 50 to 55, and the CM 42.

The disk group 60 includes plural disks 61 to 66. Each of the pluraldisks 61 to 66 is connected to any one of the disk adapters (: DKAs) 50to 55. A configuration is also allowable where, as illustrated in FIG.1, each disk is connected to plural disk adapters. Each of the DKAs 50to 55 controls the disks connected to itself.

The LAN 120 and the LAN 121 are networks for connecting the CHNs 20 to22 with the NAS hosts 100 to 102. The SAN 130 is a network forconnecting the CHFs 30 to 31 with the SAN hosts 110 to 112. In general,the Fibre Channel is used as a SAN. However, the IP network may be usedas the SAN, and the iSCSI where the SCSI protocol is executed on the IPnetwork may be utilized among appliances connected to the SAN. It isassumed that, in the present embodiment, a SAN 131 is a one specificallydesigned for establishing a connection among plural storage systems, andthat none of the SAN hosts is connected to this SAN.

In the storage system 1, all the CHs can access the CM 42 and the disks61 to 66 via the SMC 41 or the CMC 43. Also, the storage system 1 is aone including both of the following interfaces: The SAN interfaces forestablishing a connection with the SAN hosts 110 to 112, i.e., the CHFs,and the NAS interfaces for establishing a connection with the NAS hosts100 to 102, i.e., the CHNs. Incidentally, the technology according tothe present invention can also be applied similarly to the case wherethe storage system 1 includes only the NAS interfaces (i.e., the CHNS).

(2) Outside Configuration of Storage System

FIG. 2 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the outsideappearance of the storage system 1. A disk controller unit 500 includesplural slots 501. A board is stored into each slot 501. Here, theconfiguration components or component included in the disk controller10, i.e., the CHNs 20 to 22, the CHFs 30 to 32, the DKAs 50 to 55, theSMC 41, the CMC 43, the SM 40, or the CM 42, are or is formed onto thisboard. Disk units 510 and 520 store a storage group 511 or a storagegroup 521 including the plural disks 61, or the like.

The SM 40, in fact, includes plural controller boards 550 to 552, andeach controller board is stored into the slot within the disk controllerunit 500. Also, the CM 42 includes plural cache boards 560 to 562, andeach cache board is stored into the slot within the disk controller unit500. A user of the storage system 1 increases/decreases the number ofthe controller boards or that of the cache boards. This allows the userto configure the SM or the CM that exhibits a desired storage capacity.

In addition to the controller boards, i.e., adapter boards configuringthe SM, and the cache boards, i.e., adapter boards configuring the CM,an adapter board onto which the CHNs, the CHFs, or the DKAs are formedis also stored into each slot 501 of the disk controller unit 500. Inthe present embodiment, the configuration of the slots 501, the size ofthe adapter boards, and the configuration of connectors are madeconstant and equal regardless of the types of the interfaces, therebymaintaining the compatibility. Consequently, in the disk controller unit500, it becomes possible to fill an arbitrary slot 501 with an arbitraryadapter board regardless of the types of the interfaces. Also, the userof the storage system 1 freely combines the number of the adapter boardsonto which the CHNs are formed, that of the ones onto which the CHFs areformed, and that of the ones onto which the DKAs are formed, thenfilling the slots of the disk controller unit 500 with the adapterboards thus combined. This allows the user to configure the diskcontroller 10 that matches user's own needs.

(3) Configuration of NAS Channel Adapter (: CHN) Board

FIG. 3 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the configuration ofthe adapter board onto which the CHNs are formed. Connectors 1001 areconnected to the connectors that the disk controller unit 500 has. Inthe present embodiment, as described above, the adapter board onto whichthe CHNs are formed and the one onto which the CHFs are formed have theconnectors of the same configuration. An interface connector 1101, whichcorresponds to the Ethernet (i.e., trade mark of the LAN standard), isconnectable to the Ethernet (: trade mark). Incidentally, in the case ofthe adapter board onto which the CHFs are formed, the interfaceconnector 1101 corresponds to the Fibre Channel, and is configured to beconnectable to the Fibre Channel.

(4) Internal Configuration of NAS Channel Adapter (: CHN) Board

FIG. 4 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the internalconfiguration of each of the CHNs 20 to 22.

Each of the CHNs 20 to 22 includes the following configurationcomponents: A file-access controlling CPU 1501, a file-accesscontrolling memory 1502, a disk-array controlling CPU 1601, a disk-arraycontrolling memory 1602, a LAN controller 1701, an inter-CPUscommunications circuit 1702, a SM interface control circuit 1801, and aCM interface control circuit 1802.

The file-access controlling CPU 1501 is a processor for controlling afile-access processing for accessing the data in files stored in thestorage system 1. The file-access controlling memory 1502, which isconnected to the file-access controlling CPU 1501, stores thereinprograms to be executed by the file-access controlling CPU 1501 andcontrol data to be utilized by the file-access controlling CPU 1501.

A LAN controller 1701 is connected to the LAN via the interfaceconnector 1101.

The disk-array controlling CPU 1601 is a processor for controlling thedisk group 60 so as to control accesses to the disks that the disk group60 includes. The disk-array controlling memory 1602, which is connectedto the disk-array controlling CPU 1601, stores therein programs to beexecuted by the disk-array controlling CPU 1601 and control data to beutilized by the disk-array controlling CPU 1601.

The SM I/F control circuit 1801 is a circuit for controlling an accessmade from each of the CHNs 20 to 22 to the SM 40. The CM I/F controlcircuit 1802 is a circuit for controlling an access made from each CHNto the CM 42. The inter-CPUs communications circuit 1702 is a circuitfor allowing the file-access controlling CPU 1501 to performcommunications with the disk-array controlling CPU 1601 in order toaccess the disks that the disk group 60 includes.

Incidentally, in the present embodiment, there has been indicated theexample of each CHN having an asymmetric-type multi-processorconfiguration where the two processors, i.e., the file-accesscontrolling CPU 1501 and the disk-array controlling CPU 1601, aremounted thereon. However, of course, it is also possible to implement aCHN having a configuration where the file-access control and thedisk-array control are executed with a single processor. Also, it ispossible to implement a CHN having a symmetric-type multi-processorconfiguration where the file-access control and the disk-array controlare executed with two or more processors on an equal basis.

Additionally, each of the CHFs 30 to 32 has basically the sameconfiguration as that of each CHN illustrated in FIG. 4, except thefollowing point: The upper-half configuration components in FIG. 4,i.e., the LAN controller 1701, the file-access controlling CPU 1501, thefile-access controlling memory 1502, and the inter-CPUs communicationscircuit 1702, are replaced by fibre channel controllers.

(5) Configuration of File-Access Controlling Memory

FIG. 5 is a drawing for illustrating contents of the programs and thecontrol data stored in the file-access controlling memory 1502 that eachof the CHNs 20 to 22 includes.

An operation-system program 2001 is a program that is used for managingthe entire programs to be executed by the file-access controlling CPU1501, and that is used for the input/output control over externalinterfaces of the file-access controlling CPU 1501. A TCP/IP program2002 is used for controlling the TCP/IP, i.e., the communicationsprotocol on the LANs. A network file-system program 2003 is used forcontrolling the NFS, the CIFS, or the like, i.e., the protocol forproviding the NAS host 100 with the files stored into the storage system1. A LAN-controller driver program 2004 is used for controlling the LANcontroller 1701. An inter-CPUs communications driver program 2005 isused for controlling the inter-CPUs communications circuit 1702 forperforming the communications between the file-access controlling CPU1501 and the disk-array controlling CPU 1601.

A file system program 2100 is used for managing the files stored intothe storage system 1. The file system program 2100 includes thefollowing configuration components: A request processing unit 2101 forreceiving, from the NAS host, an access request to a file and executingan access processing to the file, a file-storage management unit 2103for treating the file as blocks to determine storage positions of theblocks on a disk, and for managing the storage positions, a file-storagemanagement table 2104 for managing addresses indicating the storagepositions on the disk into which the blocks are stored, and a file-namemanagement table 2102 for managing the relationship between a file nameand the file-storage management table 2104 of the corresponding filethat the file name indicates.

A file-attribute management program 2200 is used for managing attributeinformation that a file has. The file-attribute management program 2200includes the following configuration components: a file-attributeregistration unit 2201 for creating and registering the attributeinformation on the file, a file-attribute reference unit 2202 forreceiving a reference request for the attribute information on the file,and returning back the requested attribute information to a requestsource, and a file-attribute management table 2203 for registeringtherein the attribute information indicating the attributes that thefile has. Executing the repository management of the file-attributemanagement table 2203 makes it possible to facilitate the management ofthe attribute information on the file.

A retrieval program 2300 is used for retrieving data and metadata that afile has. Here, the data refers to data stored in the file that becomesthe target of an access from the NAS host or the SAN host. The metadatarefers to management data used for managing the file, e.g., the filesize, the file creation point-in-time, information defining an accesslimit to the file, and the storage position of the file in the filesystem. The retrieval program 2300 includes the following configurationcomponents: An index creation program 2301 for creating, from the dataand the metadata of the file, an index that is referred to whenretrieving the file, an index retrieval program 2302 for executing theretrieval of the file by using the index, and an index management table2303 where a file name and an index that is referred to when retrievingthe corresponding file are registered in a related manner to each other.

Incidentally, the configuration of the programs and the control datastored in the file-access controlling memory 1502 is not limited to theexample illustrated in FIG. 5. The programs and the control data to bestored in the file-access controlling memory 1502 can assume a freeconfiguration, as long as the free configuration makes it possible toimplement a function that is basically the same as the one that theprograms and the control data illustrated in FIG. 5 can implement. Anexample of this free configuration is the case where the file-attributemanagement program 2200 is one of the program modules that the filesystem program 2100 includes.

In the present embodiment, the execution of the file system program 2100allows the storage position of file data within a disk and thecorresponding file name to be managed in a related manner to each other.The execution of the file-attribute management program 2200 allows afile name and the attribute information on the corresponding file to bemanaged in a related manner to each other. The execution of theretrieval program 2300 allows a file name and an index that is referredto when retrieving the corresponding file to be managed in a relatedmanner to each other. Moreover, using these three programs, the storagesystem 1 executes the access processing in response to a file accessingrequest received from the NAS host.

(6) Configuration of Disk-Array Controlling Memory

FIG. 6 is a drawing for illustrating the programs stored in thedisk-array controlling memory 1602 that each of the CHNs 20 to 22includes.

An operation-system program 2501 is used for managing the entireprograms stored in the disk-array controlling memory 1602 and forperforming the input/output control. A disk-array control program 2502is used for managing the inside of the disk array 60, and for performingthe processing control over an access request from the file-accesscontrolling CPU 1501 or the disk-array controlling CPU 1601. Aninter-CPUs communications driver program 2504 is used for controllingthe inter-CPUs communications circuit 1702 for performing thecommunications between the file-access controlling CPU 1501 and thedisk-array controlling CPU 1601. A cache control program 2503 is usedfor performing the controls about the CM, e.g., management of datastored in the CM 42 and cache hit/miss judgement. A DKA communicationsdriver program 2505 is used for performing a control at the time when,when accessing a logical unit (which, hereinafter, will be referred toas “LU”), i.e., a storage region within the disk group 60,communications are performed with a DKA for controlling the disks thatconfigure the LU.

(7) File-Attribute Information Table

FIG. 7 is a drawing for illustrating one example of the file-attributeinformation table 2203. The file-attribute information table 2203 storestherein the attribute information set for each file on each file basis.

The plural pieces of attribute information on a file are as follows:

The “file name” indicates the name of a file to be accessed. The“directory name” indicates the name of a directory in which the file isstored. The “file type” indicates a type of the file on the file system,e.g., normal file or link. The “type” indicates a type of the file'scontents, e.g., text, stationary picture, or motion picture. The “state”indicates in what state the file is maintained, e.g., in the open.

The “title” indicates the title of the file. The “genre” indicates agenre of the file, e.g., report or technical document. The “comment”indicates a comment that a “user” or an “application” had attached tothe file at the time of having created the file. Additionally, the“user” refers to the user of a client computer connected to the NAS hostvia the LAN. The “application” refers to a program executed on theclient computer that the user had used at the time of having created thefile. Using the application to be executed on the client computer, theuser of the client computer creates the file, then attaching the commentthereto. Otherwise, the application to be executed on the clientcomputer attaches the comment thereto. After that, the user or theapplication is capable of requesting the NAS host to store the file intothe storage system 1 via the NAS host.

The “file size” indicates a size of the file in byte unit. The “pagenumber” indicates a page number in the case where the file is a one suchas a document file including plural pages. The “character number”indicates a character number in the case where the file is the one suchas the document file including characters. The “line number” indicates aline number in the case where the file is the one such as the documentfile including plural lines. The “length” indicates a reproduction timeperiod in the case where the file is a one such as a voice file or amotion-picture file having the concept or characteristic of thereproduction time period. The “size” indicates a size in the case wherethe file is a one such as an image file or the motion-picture filehaving the concept or characteristic of a display size.

The “creation application” indicates the application used at the time ofhaving created the file. The “update application” indicates anapplication used at the time of updating the file. The “displayapplication” indicates an application used at the time of displaying thefile.

The “permission” indicates an access permission range with respect tothe file. The “creation point-in-time” indicates a point-in-time atwhich the file had been created. The “update point-in-time” indicates apoint-in-time at which the file had been updated. The “accesspoint-in-time” indicates a point-in-time at which the file had beenaccessed. The “creator” indicates the user name of the user of theclient computer which had created the file. The “owner” indicates theuser name of a client computer which has owned the file. The “updator”indicates the user name of a client computer which had updated the file.The “viewer” indicates the user name of a client computer which hadviewed the file. The “creation group” indicates a user assembly or auser group to which the creator had belonged at the time of havingcreated the file. The “update group” indicates a user assembly or a usergroup to which the updator had belonged at the time of having updatedthe file. The “view group” indicates a user assembly or a user group towhich the viewer had belonged at the time of having viewed the file.

The “data life-cycle” is information for indicating, in the datalife-cycle including plural time periods, to which time period the filebelongs at present. Here, examples of the plural time periods are asfollows: A “creation time period” during which a file is created, an“update time period” during which updating the file data occurs sofrequently, a “reference time period” during which, after the updatetime period, updating the file is decreased in number and makingreferences to the file mainly occurs, and a “storage time period” duringwhich, after the reference time period, making the access requests tothe file scarcely occurs. Incidentally, the data life-cycle need notnecessarily be a one having the above-described four time periods, butmay be a one having another time period as well. The storage system 1determines to which time period a file belongs, using a predeterminedmethod and based on the following information: a frequency of theaccesses, a time that has elapsed from the final access, the contents ofthe file (e.g., the genre of the file indicating whether the file is amail or a receipt), and the like. Accordingly, files belonging to oneand the same time period can be considered to exhibit a characteristiccommon thereto. Consequently, it can be considered that the NAS hostwill make accesses frequently to a file belonging to, e.g., the updatetime period. This allows the storage system 1 to perform the followingcontrols using the life-cycle information: storing this file into astorage region to which a high speed access is executable, causing datain this file to be resident in the CM 42, creating the index so thatthis file will be able to be retrieved with a higher priority whenretrieving this file, and the like. Additionally, the index creationprocessing will be explained later.

The “importance degree” indicates an importance degree set to the file.The “storage-destination media” indicate the attributes of a storageregion into which the file is to be stored. The “data-holding-unitresident information” indicates whether or not to cause blocksconfiguring the file to reside in the CM 42, or whether or not to causethe blocks to reside therein with a higher priority. Incidentally, thestorage system 1 may determine the importance degree, thestorage-destination media, and the data-holding-unit residentinformation so that these plural pieces of attribute information willmatch a condition predetermined in correspondence with the datalife-cycle, and then may set up the determined attribute informationinto the file-attribute management table 2203. Also, the user of the NAShost or the client computer may transmit, to the storage system 1, anaccess request that specifies the file's importance degree, thestorage-destination media, and the data-holding-unit residentinformation. Then, in accordance with the access request received, thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 of the storage system 1 may registerthese attribute information into the file-attribute management table2203.

The “user-definition attributes” indicate attribute information that theuser of the client computer specifies on an independent and uniquebasis. As the user-definition attribute information, e.g., a price ofthe file charged when using the file or the like is registered.

The information indicated so far are just one example of the attributeinformation that a file has. Other than the above-described attributeinformation, a variety of attribute information can be defined as theuser-definition attributes so as to be stored into the file-attributemanagement table 2203. Also, the file-attribute management table 2203need not necessarily include all of the above-described attributeinformation, but can include only necessary attribute information.Incidentally, the attribute information includes both of the followinginformation: the information such as the file name, the directory name,and the state, which become necessary for making an access to the filefrom each CHN, and the information such as the title, the genre, thepage number, and the creation application, which, although do not becomenecessary for making the access to the file, are determined by the filetype and the application and represent the characteristics of the file.

Also, according to the present embodiment, the file-access controllingCPU 1501 takes advantage of the data-holding-unit resident information.This allows the CPU 1501 to instruct the disk-array controlling CPU 1601to cause data in a file to be resident in the CM, i.e., to cause thedata in the file to be always stored in the CM. At this time, the CPU1601 executes the disk-array control program 2502. If the CM has beenalready occupied by resident-specified files, this resident instructionturns out to become an instruction for storing this resident-specifiedfile into the CM with a higher priority as compared with a file with noresidence is specified. Moreover, in addition to the data in the file,the file-access controlling CPU can also instruct the disk-arraycontrolling CPU to always store, into the CM, the index management table2303 which will be explained later. Also, the file-access controllingCPU can instruct the disk-array controlling CPU to store a filebelonging to the update time period into a disk that can access a highspeed disk. The file-access controlling CPU can also specify, to thedisk-array controlling CPU, the size of data in a file to be stored intoa disk. Also, in correspondence with the data amount of the file of theaccess target and the data storage location, the file-access controllingCPU can specify, to the disk-array controlling CPU, a data amount to beread in advance from the disk to the CM.

In this way, in addition to the following information, the informationsuch as the storage-destination media and the data-holding-unit residentinformation, which are based on the configuration of the storage system1, have been stored in the file-attribute management table 2203: theinformation such as the file name and the directory name, which arenecessary for making an access to the file, and the information such asthe size, the creation application, the permission, and the datalife-cycle, which indicate the characteristics of the file. Thefile-access controlling CPU of each CHN can instruct the disk-arraycontrolling CPU to take into consideration both of the followingcharacteristics and to manage the file to be stored into the storagesystem: the characteristics of the storage system such as the accessspeed to the disks, and the characteristics of the file registered inthe file-attribute management table.

(8) File Creation Processing

Next, explanation will be given below concerning the steps of the filecreation processing. It is assumed that the user of the client computerconnected to the NAS host 100 has created a file abc.txt. The clientcomputer transmits, to the NAS host 100, a generation request forgenerating the file. Having received this request, the NAS host 100issues, to the CHN 20, a generation request for generating the fileabc.txt. At this time, the generation request includes attributeinformation on the file abc.txt. The attribute information on the fileabc.txt included in the generation request may be attached to thegeneration request by the client computer, or may be attached thereto bythe NAS host. Also, the attribute information attached by the clientcomputer and the one attached by the NAS host may exist in a mixedstate. As the attribute information to be transmitted as the generationrequest, there exist the information that the file system requires,i.e., the information such as the file name and the directory name whichare necessary for making an access to the file, and the informationwhich are specific to the file type and an application in use. In thecase of the generation request for generating the file abc.txt, i.e., atext file, the attribute information to be transmitted include thefollowing information: File name “abc.txt”, directory name “mydoc”, filetype “normal file”, type “text”, state “in the open”, title “ABC”, genre“technical document”, comment “about ABC”, file size “1 MB”, page number“100 pages”, character number “20000 characters”, line number “500lines”, length “not exist”, size “not exist”, creation application“editor”, update application “editor”, display application “pager”,permission “Division 4: R-, Section 2: RW- . . . ”, creationpoint-in-time “2003/1/2 3:45”, update point-in-time “2003/1/2 3:45”,access point-in-time “2003/1/2 3:45”, creator “Tanaka”, owner “Tanaka”,updator “Tanaka”, viewer “Tanaka”, creation group “Section 2”, updategroup “Section 2”, view group “Section 2”, importance degree “high”,storage-destination media “high speed disks”, data hold priority-degree“high”, data-holding-unit resident information “no residence isspecified”, user-definition attribute information “price: 10000 yen”,and the like.

The CHN 20 receives the generation request from the NAS host 100 via theLAN controller 1701. Then, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 executesthe file system program 2100. The request processing unit 2101 withinthe file system program 2100 makes reference to the file-name managementtable 2102, thereby checking whether or not the file abc.txt has beenregistered therein. Since the file abc.txt is a newly created file, thefile abc.txt should not be registered yet into the file-name managementtable 2102. Accordingly, the request processing unit 2101 allocates afile handler to the file abc.txt, then newly registering the file nameabc.txt and the allocated file handler into the file-name managementtable 2102. Furthermore, the file-storage management unit 2103 createsthe file-storage management table 2104 corresponding to the file handlerallocated to the file abc.txt.

Next, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 starts up and executes thefile-attribute management program 2200, thereby making thefile-attribute management table 2203 of the file abc.txt related to thefile handler allocated to the file abc.txt. Subsequently, thefile-attribute registration unit 2201 registers, into the file-attributemanagement table 2203, the attribute information on the file abc.txtincluded in the file generation request received from the NAS host 100.

(9) Index Creation Processing

Next, explanation will be given below concerning the steps of the indexcreation processing. The “index”, which refers to the index of aretrieval-target file, is used for executing a high speed retrieval ofthe retrieval-target file.

The index creation processing in the present embodiment is executed withrespect to a file access with two types of timings, i.e., synchronousand asynchronous timings. In the case where the index creationprocessing is executed in a state of being synchronous to the fileaccess, there exist the following two types of cases: (1) the casewhere, if the CHN has accepted from the NAS host a write request forwriting the file, the CHN executes a creation processing of the file oran update processing thereof in correspondence with the received writerequest, and further, after having executed the index creationprocessing, the CHN transmits to the NAS host a response to the writerequest; (2) the case where, if the CHN has accepted a file retrievalrequest from the NAS host, the CHN executes the index creationprocessing and a retrieval processing of the file, and returns to theNAS host a response to the file retrieval request. Meanwhile, the casewhere the index creation processing is executed in an asynchronousmanner to the file access is the following case: after having receivedfrom the NAS host an access request for accessing the file, and havingtransmitted to the NAS host a response to this access request, the CHNexecutes the index creation processing. In this case, the index creationprocessing is generally executed during a time-zone during which thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 is in a low-load operation and thereexists no other processing to be executed.

The file-access controlling CPU executes the retrieval program 2300 witheither of the above-described timings, thereby starting the indexcreation processing. The file-access controlling CPU executes the indexcreation program 2301, thereby creating the index.

Having executed the index creation program 2301, the file-accesscontrolling CPU makes reference to the file-attribute management table2203, thereby acquiring the information on the type-, the creationapplication, the update application, and the display application of afile whose index is to be registered. Moreover, based on the acquiredinformation on the type and the applications of the file, thefile-access controlling CPU selects, from among the data in the file,information to be registered as the index. For example, in the case ofthe file abc.txt, the type is “text”, and the creation application andthe update application are “editor”, and the display application is“pager”. Consequently, words such as “data”, “retrieval”, “file”, and“database”, which appear in the body text of the file abc.txt, areselected as the information to be registered as the index. Also, in thecase of a file def.mpg, the type is “motion picture”. Accordingly, alength for indicating the reproduction time, i.e., a part of data in thefile def.mpg, is selected as the information to be registered as theindex. Furthermore, the file-access controlling CPU registers theselected information into the file-attribute management table 2203.

In addition, the file-access controlling CPU may also extract, from thefile-attribute management table 2203, information that the user uses atthe time of retrieving a file. Then, the CPU may generate theinformation as the index, then storing the index into the indexmanagement table 2303. For example, the file-access controlling CPU mayalso select the following information from the file-attribute managementtable, then storing the selected information into the index managementtable: If the type of an index-creation target file is “text” such asabc.txt, the title or the page number; otherwise, if the type of theindex-creation target file is a music file, the creator or the like.Also, the type of the file, the data-holding-unit resident information,and the like may be registered into the index management tableregardless of the type of the index-creation target file. Of course, itis also possible to leave one index management table to manage the twotypes of information, i.e., the index information selected from amongthe data in the file, and the index information selected from thefile-attribute management table.

FIG. 8 illustrates one example of the index management table 2303. Inthe index management table 2303 in FIG. 8, information stored in an“index (contents)” field are the index information selected from amongthe data in the file. Information stored in an “attribute” field arenames of the attributes extracted from the file-attribute managementtable. Information stored in an “attribute information” field are theattribute information indicating the attributes registered in the“attribute” field. Namely, in the case of the file abc.txt, from amongthe data in the file, i.e., the body text of the file abc.txt, thewords, “data”, “retrieval”, “file”, and “database”, are registered inthe index management table 2303 as the index. Meanwhile, from thefile-attribute management table, “text”, “100 pages”, and “no residenceis specified” are registered therein as “type”, “page number”, and“data-holding-unit resident information”, respectively.

Additionally, in FIG. 8, the index information are stored into the indexmanagement table 2303 in a form that the information are sorted by thefile names. However, of course, the configuration of the indexmanagement table 2303 may also be a one sorted by “index (contents)” or“attribute”. Also, the file-access controlling CPU may co-use indexmanagement tables whose configurations are sorted by “file name”, “index(contents)”, and “attribute information”, respectively.

(10) Index Retrieval Processing

Next, explanation will be given below concerning the index retrievalprocessing.

The index retrieval processing is started by an instruction from the NAShost 100. The NAS host 100 instructs the storage system 1 to perform theretrieval, if the NAS host receives the retrieval instruction from theuser of the client computer via the LAN, or if the NAS host 100 itselfmakes a judgement that the retrieval be required. The NAS host 100transmits a keyword to the storage system 1 together with the retrievalinstruction.

The CHN 20 receives the retrieval instruction and the keyword from theNAS host 100 via the LAN controller 1701. Then, the file-accesscontrolling CPU 1501 processes the data received. Having comprehendedthat the received data includes the retrieval instruction, thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 executes the index retrieval program2302 within the retrieval program 2300. The execution of the indexretrieval program 2302 allows the file-access controlling CPU 1501 toretrieve the received keyword from the “index (contents)” field of theindex management table 2303. If the CPU 1501 has found out an indexcorresponding to the keyword, the CPU 1501 returns all of thecorresponding file names to the NAS host 100. Meanwhile, if there hasexisted none of the index corresponding to the keyword, the CPU 1501returns, to the NAS host 100, the result that there exists none of thecorresponding files.

If the keyword is, e.g., “database”, the file-access controlling CPU1501 retrieves whether or not “database” has been registered in the“index (contents)” field of the index management table 2303. In the caseof, e.g., the index management table 2303 illustrated in FIG. 8, theword “database” has been registered in the “index (contents)” field ofthe file abc.txt. Accordingly, the file-access controlling CPU 1501returns the file name abc.txt to the NAS host 100.

Incidentally, in the above-described embodiment, the example has beengiven where the file-access controlling CPU 1501 retrieves the “index(contents)” field of the index management table 2303 on the basis of thekeyword that the CPU 1501 has received from the NAS host 100. Theretrieval target, however, is not limited to the “index (contents)”field. The “attribute” field or the “attribute information” field of theindex management table 2303 may also be selected as the retrievaltarget.

Furthermore, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 may also execute theretrieval processing in two stages as follows: of the informationregistered in the index management table 2303, the CPU 1501 retrieves,first of all, information on a file that is registered as “residence isspecified” in the “attribute information” field of the index managementtable 2303. Then, the CPU 1501 reports the retrieval result to the NAShost. Moreover, if, as a response to the retrieval result, the CPU 1501receives from the NAS host an instruction of retrieving all the files,the CPU 1501 retrieves information on the remaining files, thenreporting the retrieval result to the NAS host again. Also, it can beconsidered that the file whose data-holding-unit resident information is“residence is specified” is controlled by the CHN so that the file willbe always stored in the CM. This is because such a file must enjoy ahigh access-frequency. Consequently, the file for which the informationof “residence is specified” has been registered in the index managementtable 2303 can be considered to enjoy the high access-frequency. Byretrieving such a file with the highest priority and reporting theretrieval result to the NAS host, it becomes possible to shorten theretrieval time.

(11) Data Access Processing

Next, referring to FIG. 9, explanation will be given below concerningthe data access processing in the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is aflowchart for illustrating one example of the processing steps of thedata access processing in the present embodiment.

Making an access to data requires that a file that the user wishes toaccess be identified at first. The user of the client computer transmitsan access request to the NAS host 100 via the LAN. Here, this accessrequest includes a keyword for the file that the user wishes to open,i.e., access. Next, the NAS host transmits, to the storage system 1,this access request that includes the keyword and that the NAS host hasreceived from the client computer. Moreover, the CHN 20 receives theaccess request from the NAS host, and the file-access controlling CPU1501 judges that the keyword included in the access request isinformation for identifying the file. As a result, the file-accesscontrolling CPU 1501 starts up and executes the file system program 2100(step 4001). The execution of the file system program 2100 allows thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 to analyze the above-describedfile-identifying information received from the NAS host. As aconsequence, the CPU 1501 judges whether or not it is possible touniquely identify the file directly by using this information (step4002).

At the step 4002, as the case where the CPU 1501 judges that it ispossible to identify the file uniquely, the following case can beconsidered: The user of the client computer has transmitted, to the NAShost, an access request that includes the file name as the keyword.Also, the following case can be considered: The NAS host hascomprehended the management method within the storage system 1 ofmanaging files stored in the storage system 1. Then, when the NAS hosthas received a keyword from the client computer, the NAS host identifiesa file of the access target from the keyword. Next, the NAS host hasconverted the access request received from the client computer into anaccess request having the file name of the access target, thentransmitting the latter access request to the storage system 1. Asdescribed above, if the file name has been directly specified, theprocessing goes to step 4010.

Meanwhile, if, at the step 4002, the file-access controlling CPU 1501has judged that it is impossible to identify the file uniquely, the CPU1501 starts up the retrieval program 2300, thereby executing aprocessing for identifying the file from the keyword included in theaccess request. Having started up the retrieval program 2300, thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 judges whether or not a retrievalkeyword capable of being registered into the “index (contents)” field ofthe index management table 2303, i.e., a part of data in the file, hasbeen included in the keyword included in the access request (step 4003).If the retrieval keyword has been included therein, the CPU 1501retrieves the received keyword from the index management table 2303(step 4004). This retrieval processing is performed in accordance withbasically the same steps as the ones in the above-described indexretrieval processing.

Next, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 judges whether or not it ispossible to identify the file uniquely from the result of the retrievalprocessing executed at the step 4004 (step 4005). If, at the step 4005,it is possible to identify the file uniquely, the file of the accesstarget can be identified, and accordingly the processing goes to thestep 4010.

If, at the step 4005, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 has judgedthat it is impossible to identify the file uniquely, or if, at the step4003, the CPU 1501 has judged that the retrieval keyword has been notincluded in the keyword included in the access request, the CPU 1501starts up the file-attribute management program 2200. This allows thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 to judge whether or not information onan attribute of the file exists within the keyword, i.e., thefile-identifying information included in the access request (step 4006).If, at the step 4006, none of the attribute information on the fileexists within the keyword included in the access request, the processinggoes to a step 4009.

Meanwhile, if, at the step 4006, the attribute information has beenspecified within the access request, the file-access controlling CPU1501 performs a search-focusing of the access-target file from thespecified attribute information and the file-attribute management table2203 (step 4007).

This search-focusing processing is performed as follows: Based on theattribute information specified within the access request, thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 extracts a file registered within thefile-attribute management table 2203. For example, if information that“creator” is “Tanaka” has been specified within the access request, theCPU 1501 extracts the file for which “Tanaka” has been registered as“creator” within the file-attribute management table 2203. Also, ifinformation of “creator is registered” has been specified within theaccess request, the CPU 1501 extracts a file for which attributeinformation on the creator has been registered within the file-attributemanagement table 2203. Also, if information of “update time period” hasbeen specified within the access request, the CPU 1501 extracts a filefor which information on the data life-cycle registered within thefile-attribute management table 2203 indicates “update time period”. Inthis way, the attribute information included within the access requestmay be the following information: A combination of the informationregistered in the “attribute” field of the file-attribute managementtable 2203 and the information registered in the “contents” fieldthereof, information for specifying a condition that an attribute hasbeen registered in the file-attribute management table 2203, or theinformation registered in the “contents” field of the file-attributemanagement table 2203. Also, information on plural attributes may beincluded in the access request.

Moreover, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 judges whether or not itis possible to identify the file uniquely from the result of thesearch-focusing performed at the step 4007 (step 4008). If, at the step4008, it is possible to identify the file uniquely, the processing goesto the step 4010.

Meanwhile, if, at the step 4008, it is impossible to identify the fileuniquely, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 starts up the file systemprogram 2100. Furthermore, in order to present, to the user of theclient computer, a candidate for the access-target file extracted at thestep 4004 and/or at the step 4007, the file-access controlling CPU 1501transmits, to the NAS host, the file name of a file that has become theaccess-target candidate. This allows the CPU 1501 to urge the user ofthe client computer to transmit information for identifying the file(step 4009). Then, the processing goes back to the step 4001.

If it has been possible to identify the access-target file uniquely ateach of the step 4002, the step 4005, and the step 4008, the processinggoes to the step 4010. At the step 4010, the file-access controlling CPU1501 starts up the file system program 2100. This, at the step 4010,allows the file-access controlling CPU 1501 to acquire, from thefile-storage management table 2104, position information on theidentified access-target file (i.e., the file to be accessed) on thedisk. From the position information on the disk acquired at the step4010, it becomes possible to determine a storage region that should beactually accessed in the access-target file. Consequently, thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 instructs the disk-array controllingCPU 1601 to access data stored in this storage region. The disk-arraycontrolling CPU 1601 starts up the disk-array control program 2502,thereby controlling the DKA so as to access the data in the file (step4011).

Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the following processing hasbeen performed at the step 4003 and the step 4004: The file-accesscontrolling CPU 1501 judges whether or not the keyword included in theaccess request includes the information capable of being registered intothe “index (contents)” field of the index management table 2303. If thekeyword includes the information capable of being registered into the“index (contents)” field, the file-access controlling CPU 1501 retrievesthe index management table 2303, thereby selecting the access-targetfile. This registration, however, is not necessarily limited to the“index (contents)” field. Namely, in the case as well where the keywordincluded in the access request includes the information capable of beingregistered into the “attribute” field or the “attribute information”field of the index management table 2303, it may be assumed that thefile-access controlling CPU 1501 retrieves the index management table2303.

According to the present embodiment, the storage system includes thereinthe file system program, the file-attribute management program, and theretrieval program. This configuration allows the storage system toperform the search-focusing of an access-target file by using the indexmanagement table managed by executing the retrieval program and thefile-attribute management table managed by executing the file-attributemanagement program. As a consequence, it becomes possible to make aneasy and rapid access to the access-target file.

Also, according to the present embodiment, the file-attribute managementtable makes it possible to manage the attribute information indicatingthe characteristics of a file and the attribute information relating tothe configuration and characteristics of the storage system. Thiscondition allows the file stored in the storage system to be managedwhile taking into consideration both of the attribute informationindicating the characteristics of the file and the attribute informationrelating to the configuration and characteristics of the storage system.

According to the present invention, it becomes possible to enhance theaccess performance to a file stored in the storage system. Also, itbecomes possible to manage the various types of attribute informationthat the file includes.

It should be further understood by those skilled in the art thatalthough the foregoing description has been made on embodiments of theinvention, the invention is not limited thereto and various changes andmodifications may be made without departing from the spirit of theinvention and the scope of the appended claims.

1. A method by which a storage system accesses a file in response to anaccess request, said storage system including a plurality of disks and adisk controller, said disk controller being coupled to said plurality ofdisks and controlling said plurality of disks, said access request beingreceived from one of computers coupled to said storage system, said filebeing stored in said storage system, said method comprising the stepsof: an access-request reception step for receiving, by said diskcontroller, said access request from one of said computers, said accessrequest including file-related information used for identifying a file;a file attributes retrieval step for retrieving, by said diskcontroller, file attributes with said file-related information used as akey, said file attributes include data life-cycle information whichindicates a data life-cycle with plural time periods to which said filepresently belongs, the plural time periods including at least a creationtime period during which said file is created, an update time periodduring which said file is frequently updated, a reference time periodduring which, after the update time period, updating of said file occursless frequently and referencing of said file mainly occurs and a storagetime period during which, after the reference time period, access tosaid file rarely occurs; and a file access step for performing, by saiddisk controller, control so that said data in an identified file isaccessed, if said file has been identified at said file attributesretrieval step.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein during thecreation time period, the storage system stores said file into a storageregion to which a high speed access is executable.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein during the creation time period, thestorage system causes data in said file to be resident in a cachememory.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the creationtime period, the storage system creates the index so that said file willbe able to be retrieved with a higher priority.
 5. The method accordingto claim 1, wherein said file attributes include information used forcontrolling processing for determining into which of said plurality ofdisks said data in said file is to be stored.
 6. The method according toclaim 5, wherein said file attributes include control information forproviding a specification that data in a file is to be stored into acache memory with highest priority, said disk controller including saidcache memory, and said disk controller performs control so that saiddata in said file corresponding to said control information will bestored into said cache memory with highest priority, said diskcontroller then accessing said cache memory with highest priority ifsaid disk controller receives an access request with respect to saiddata in said file corresponding to said control information.
 7. Acomputer-readable storage device having stored thereon a computerprogram for executing a processing for accessing a file in a storagesystem, said file being stored in said storage system, said storagesystem including a disk controller and a plurality of disks coupled tosaid disk controller, said computer-readable storage device comprising:an access-request reception code that receives an access request fromone of computers coupled to said disk controller, said access requestincluding file-related information used for identifying said file; anindex retrieval code that retrieves an index with said file-relatedinformation used as a key; a file access code that, if said file hasbeen identified by said index retrieval code, performs control so thatsaid data in said identified file is accessed; and a file attributescode that, if said file cannot be identified at said index retrievalcode, retrieves file attributes with said file-related information usedas a key, wherein said file attributes include data life-cycleinformation which indicates a data life-cycle with plural time periodsto which said file belongs at present, the plural time periods includingat least a creation time period during which said file is created, anupdate time period during which said file is frequently updated, areference time period during which, after the update time period,updating of said file occurs less frequently and referencing of saidfile mainly occurs and a storage time period during which, after thereference time period, access to said file rarely occurs.
 8. Thecomputer-readable storage device according to claim 7, wherein duringthe creation time period, the storage system stores said file into astorage region to which a high speed access is executable.
 9. Thecomputer-readable storage device according to claim 7, wherein duringthe creation time period, the storage system causes data in said file tobe resident in a cache memory.
 10. The computer-readable storage deviceaccording to claim 7, wherein during the creation time period, thestorage system creates the index so that said file will be able to beretrieved with a higher priority.
 11. The computer-readable storagedevice according to claim 7, wherein said file attributes includeinformation used for controlling processing for determining into whichof said plurality of disks said data in said file is to be stored. 12.The computer-readable storage device according to claim 11, wherein saidfile attribute includes control information for providing aspecification that data in a file is to be stored into a cache memorywith the highest priority, said disk controller including said cachememory, and said computer program product further comprises: a code thatcauses said disk controller to execute a step of storing said data insaid file into said cache memory with highest priority, said data insaid file corresponding to said control information; and said code thatcauses said disk controller to execute a step of accessing said cachememory with highest priority if said disk controller receives an accessrequest with respect to said file corresponding to said controlinformation.
 13. The computer-readable storage device according to claim12, wherein said index retrieval code further includes a code ofretrieving an index with highest priority, said index being about a filefor which said control information has been registered as said index.14. A storage system coupled to one or more computers, comprising: afirst interface control device for receiving file-related information ona file from said one or more computers, said information being used foridentifying said file; a second interface control device coupled to saidfirst interface control device; and one or more disks coupled to saidsecond interface control device, wherein said first interface controldevice: retrieves index information with said file-related informationon said file used as a key, controls said second interface controldevice so as to access the data in said file selected by said retrieval,and retrieves file attributes with said file-related information used asa key, if said file cannot be identified at said index retrieval step,wherein said file attributes include data life-cycle information whichindicates a data life-cycle with plural time periods to which said filebelongs at present, the plural time periods including at least acreation time period during which said file is created, an update timeperiod during which said file is frequently updated, a reference timeperiod during which, after the update time period, updating of said fileoccurs less frequently and referencing of said file mainly occurs and astorage time period during which, after the reference time period,access to said file rarely occurs.
 15. The storage system according toclaim 14, wherein during the creation time period, the storage systemstores said file into a storage region to which a high speed access isexecutable.
 16. The storage system according to claim 14, wherein duringthe creation time period, the storage system causes data in said file tobe resident in a cache memory.
 17. The storage system according to claim14, wherein during the creation time period, the storage system createsthe index so that said file will be able to be retrieved with a higherpriority.
 18. The storage system according to claim 14, wherein saidfile attributes include control information used by said first interfacecontrol device in order to control and cause said second interfacecontrol device to execute a processing for storing said data in saidfile into said storage system.
 19. The storage system according to claim18, wherein said file attributes include control information forproviding a specification that data in a file is to be stored into acache memory with highest priority, said cache memory being coupled tosaid first interface control device and said second interface controldevice.
 20. The storage system according to claim 19, wherein said firstinterface control device: performs control so that said data in saidfile for which said control information has been registered is storedinto said cache memory with a highest priority; and accesses said cachememory with highest priority if said first interface control devicereceives an access request with respect to said file for which saidcontrol information has been registered.
 21. The storage systemaccording to claim 20, wherein: said file attributes includes controlinformation for providing a specification that data in a file is to bestored into a cache memory with highest priority, said cache memorybeing coupled to said first interface control device and said secondinterface control device, and at the time of retrieving said indexinformation, said first interface control device retrieves indexinformation with highest priority, said index information being about afile for which said control information has been managed as said indexinformation.